Diocletian was a Roman emperor who ruled from 284 to 305 AD. He is known for his administrative reforms, including the division of the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves, each with its own ruler. Diocletian also implemented price controls and persecuted Christians during his reign.
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From a Christian standpoint, Diocletian was important because he instigated the last Great Persecution of the Christians.
The eastern part of the Roman empire fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks who took Constantinople. Prior to this the Eastern Roman Empire had gradually been loosing territory to successive invaders: the Arabs had taken the Middle East south of Turkey and Egypt, the Bulgars, Serbs and Croats had taken the Balkans and the Seljuk Turks had taken a big chunk of Turkey. The Ottoman Turks took over form the Seljuk Turks, completed the conquest of Turkey and dealt the final blow.