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In the Middle Ages, cooks and bakers were not the same. The bakers used ovens, and the cooks cooked over fires. They even used different kitchens, with a manor house often having two or even more kitchens for different kinds of food.

An additional answer: The term baker in the middle ages referred to someone who made bread. Ovens were expensive, and fuel costs were not trivial, so only the well off could afford to have an oven at home. Also, due to the time needed to make bread, most people bought bread rather than making it themselves, much the same as today. When cooking at home one would cook at a hearth or a fireplace, and thus stews, soups, porridge, and boiled dishes were very common. These were often supplemented with foods that could be purchased and did not need additional cooking, such as bread, butter, cheese, fruit when it was in season, etc. As a result bread was a staple food for all social classes.

Cooks made various types of food. Towns and cities had cook shops that sold hot, ready to eat food. One of the most common was pie and pasties, but hot pottages of beans, roast meats, and wafers were also available, among other things. Cooks did use ovens, they were just not making bread, which was considered its own separate discipline and was governed by its own guild.

These ready to eat foods were consumed mostly by the middle and lower social classes. The wealthy had both kitchens and servants to cook for them. But much like modern society, those who spent much of their time working might not have time or energy for extensive cooking. Precooked foods were of moderate price and enhanced the meals of those who would otherwise be cooking in a pot at the fireplace, or eating simple foods like bread and cheese.

In villages things were different. There were in most cases village ovens owned by the lord that the villagers paid to use for their bread. There may have been a professional baker as well, or there may simply have been someone who supervised and tended the oven while the villagers cooked their own bread. There would not have been cook shops in a simple country village, so the diet was more basic, consisting of bread, local dairy foods, porridge, beans and peas, and vegetables and fruit from the garden, typically made into a soup or stew and cooked over the fire in the hearth. Small amounts of meat were eaten, usually added to the stew pot. It would have been a special occasion when a whole fowl was put on a spit and roasted at the fire. Lacking the butchers of the towns and cities, villagers slaughtered their meat in late fall when the weather had cooled and preserved it by smoking, curing, salting, or brine.

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