John of Garland, writing in the middle of the 13th century, lists the items offered by a single "petty merchant" at a market:
". . .needles and needlecases, cleaning materials and soap, mirrors, razors, whetstones, fire-steels and spindles."
These were not expensive or rare items but useful, everyday things needed by everyone. Whetstones were for sharpening knives and shears, fire-steels for lighting fires and spindles were for spinning wool or flax into yarn.
More expensive goods included inks, sulphur, incense, quicksilver, alum, cochineal dye, peppers, saffron, furs, silks, tanned leather, shoe leather (often imported form Spain and called Cordoban), animal pelts, wine, rugs and carpets, ale and much more.
Many wealthy merchants specialised in just one type of goods: there were pepperers, cloth merchants, furriers, spicers, dyers, fish-merchants, drapers, vintners and so on.
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Merchants got rich by selling products that were made from others.
merchants ran very sizable businesses also they dominated the town and grew very wealthy
Because merchants did nothing to help their community and lived off other people's labor.
Cohong
in Mesopotamia