The city of Baghdad was famously conquered by the Mongol Empire in 1258. This event marked the end of the Islamic Golden Age and led to significant cultural and economic devastation. The Mongols, led by Hulagu Khan, destroyed much of the city and killed a large portion of its population, effectively solidifying their control over the region.
There are different kinds of calendars that have been used throughout history. Some of the common calendars over the years include the Hebrew calendar, Islamic calendar, Gregorian calendar and Chinese calendar among others.
APEX: Science and technology flourished in Islamic caliphates but declined in Western Europe.
The leaders of the Songhai Empire, particularly under rulers like Askia Muhammad, strengthened Islam by promoting its teachings, establishing mosques, and supporting Islamic scholarship, which attracted scholars and students to cities like Timbuktu. They also fostered the use of Arabic as a language of administration and trade, facilitating communication and the spread of Islamic culture throughout West Africa. By integrating Islamic principles into governance and education, they solidified Islam's influence in the region and elevated Arabic as a key language in commerce and academia.
The West learned more about Islamic thought.
it was divided by disagreements over which muslims should be leaders
It promoted islam but tolerated the culture, religion, and science of non-Muslim Apex
they conatin complex arabesques and interlaced lines
it was divided by disagreements over which muslims should be leaders
Assyria conquered Israel, then Babylon conquered Assyria and Judah, then Persia conquered Babylon, then the Seuclid Empire conquered Judah, then the Judeans revolted, then Rome conquered Judah, then the Islamic Caliphate conquered the Byzantine Empire (the remains of the Roman Empire). The Ottoman Empire conquered Judah from the Cusaders who had conquered it from its Islamic rulers. Then the British Empire took it from the Ottomans.
Arabic became the dominant language throughout the early Islamic Empires as they were founded by Arabic speakers.
South Sudan is a nation that is landlocked, religiously a mix of Christian, Islamic and animist and climatically semi-arid and desert.
Damascus was conquered during the reign of second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Omar (RAU). It became Islamic in 638 CE.
Egypt was conquered by Cambyses II, the ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, the second of the four pre-Islamic Persian Empires
Islamic caliphates spread Islam throughout the region during the postclassical period.
Arabic, mainly.
higher taxes required of non-Muslims