the Roman Empire literally changed history. Rome spread Christianity into every corner of the know world, from Britannia to Asia minor (western Asia) and from Germany to North Africa.
the Romans were very practical people, which is why the roman empire lasted so long (the eastern empire (the Byzantine empire) lasted up to 1453). They did not rule by terror or force and Rome's civilians really did get a better life - stone walled cities, baths, roads, aqueducts and a well trained, well payed professional army armed with the best equipment in the known world.
the greatest legacy of ancient Rome are the far reaching effects of her presence, for instance, Hadrian's Wall (Northumberland, England) marks the end of the most powerful empire in the world, and the huge walls surrounding Constantinople that weren't overcome by an enemy until the crusades in the 15th century. But the greatest legacies are the successes of the Latin influence in modern European languages and spread of the Christian faith.
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Ancient Rome's greatest legacy is Christianity. Christianity developed from a religion among a small group of Jews (who lived in Judea, which was part of the Roman Empire) into a mass religion in the Roman days. It spread around the Roman Empire. It became state religion. Catholic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity developed during the Later Roman Empire. They were originally called Latin or Western Christianity and Greek or Eastern Christianity respectively. The former was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the Roman Empire and the latter was the main form of Christianity in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
Romes soilders became less loyal and disiplined
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Rome is the capital of Italy and Italy is a democracy.
Christian religious
Octavian/Augustus became Rome's first emperor.