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To what extent did the Roman civilization spread throughout the world through the movement of people?
Roman civilisation did not spread throughout the world. It spread through the Roman Empire and influenced some peoples who lived near its borders. Most of the world did not have contact with the Romans. The movement of people was certainly an important factor in the spread of Roman civilisation, though it was not the only one. A key role in spreading Roman civilisation was the establishment of Roman colonies (settlements) throughout the empire, partly to strengthen Roman control and partly to give land to Roman farmers who did not have enough land and landless Romans. This was a major factor in the latinisation of the empire. Contact though travel by traders in a flourishing trade and the taking of large number of slaves to Rome were other factors. Being under Roman administration also contributed as the conquered peoples had to deal with Roman officials The emperors also actively promoted the spread of an imperial ideology to justify their rule, bring the conquered people close to Rome and foster a more homogeneous empire.
Who is better Trajan or Augustus?
This is a question of personal preference. I would argue that Augustus, in establishing the functioning of the Roman Empire and leading a key expansionary phase was a better emperor, but strong arguments could be made for both Trajan and Augustus.
What are bad things about the roman empire?
well they were quite an efficient empire and had an outstanding public health system due to their strong government, without government there was no public health, which also would have affected their army. The Roman army was one key factor to the empires success, without the army they had no way of spreading their ideas and by doing this they also obtained new ideas on the cure and prevention of disease and infection but also ideas on how to perform surgical procedures. But one downside to their logic was the use of lead piping which considerably shortened life expectancy.
How did Christianity first spread beyond judea?
The apostles spread the message in key areas of the empire and converted people.
Why did the Roman Republic fail?
One of the reasons that it fell was the use of violence by the Roman elite. After the attempted (mainly agrarian) reforms of the Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius in the 130s to 120s BCE, violence and bribery became endemic in the system. Tiberius and Gaius were murdered by mobs controlled by the senatorial elite after the Gracchis use of novel constitutional methods . Another key factor was that Roman republican generals such as Marius , Sulla, Pompey and Gaius Julius Caesar had in effect, private armies that looked to them for retirement packages and to defend their interests. This was all set against the massive expansion of the empire from the Punic wars onward - a growth in both territory and wealth and the dislocations that this caused. These dislocations included an increased use of money bribes by Republican statesman, provincial governors growing massively wealthy on plunder and landlessness of the Italian peasantry caused by a series of wars. The Republic (not the empire) came to and end when one Republican statesman became in effect a monarch, Octavian, later to become the first Roman Emperor Augustus.
