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What did medieval art do?
church and later, secular subjects. While many different styles encompass the medieval art form, perhaps two of most recognizable are Romanesque and Gothic. These two styles are visible in many different forms throughout the medieval period. The medieval art, in its earliest form, was most often found in the church, being shown in the architecture, the murals and panels found in the religious setting. As was typical and to be expected with artwork that originated in the church, the subjects were religious in nature, frequently showing stories from the Old and New Testaments, often placing them side by side. The lives of the saints were also commonly shown. Early medieval art forms portrayed their subjects, such as the Virgin Mary, as iconic and somewhat two dimensional. As the Romanesque and Gothic forms developed, the subjects were given more depth, frequently being shown interacting in a more personal manner with more three dimensional human qualities. While the many art forms may have originated in the church, as the wealth of the nobility and the upper classes grew, so did their interest in and their desire to acquire and own the art of their own. This caused a change in the subject matter. While religious themes were still quite common, secular, or non-religious themes began to appear. The wealth of the upper class allowed individuals to patronize specific artists, commissioning certain works. Masters opened studios where apprentices studied. Guilds were also formed for the artists. The paintings of the medieval period, generally the Gothic form, can be categorized into four different areas. Frescos, or what could be thought of as wall murals, which involved applying paint to wet plaster which was then allowed to dry to finish the work. Panel paintings, where egg based paints were applied to wooden panels. Manuscript illumination, where books
How long after the invention of the wheel did writing appear?
3200 bc
What era did modern man appear?
Man appeared in the era of Cenozoic.
What kind of armor and equipment did a knight use?
"Among the earliest metallic armor to be worn by medieval knights was chainmail armor, consisting of tens of thousands of interlocking rings woven painstakingly by hand to form a shirt, coif, or leggings. Because of the mild steel produced in medieval times each ring had to be riveted to keep all the rings from spreading and opening under the weight of the piece. Underneath the metal armor the knight would wear a padded garment known variously as an "aketon," or "gambeson." To this defensive equipment he added a shield, usually made of leather-covered wood, and a helmet. As the medieval arms race progressed and new, more powerful weapons were developed (such as the longbow and crossbow), chainmail became ineffective on its own." "Late in the Middle Ages plate armor began to appear (ca. late 13th/early 14th century), first as reinforcements to vital areas such as the chest and shoulders, and finally as a complete suit (ca. early 15th century). The medieval "knight in shining armor" that most people think of is the fully plate-armored knight. Chainmail armor was now relegated to protecting smaller vital areas that could not be covered with plate armor, such as the groin and under the arms. The shield became smaller, or disappeared altogether as it became unnecessary and redundant."
Why was the technique of perspective used during the middle ages?
(For apex) The goal of art was to spread a religious message, not to create mathematically correct canvases. The appeal of linear perspective to medieval artists was partly that it made their art appear more realistic, an partly that it made their art appear more like art of Roman antiquity. There are different types of perspective drawing. Linear perspective, which is the type commonly used today, was developed during ancient times and lost in the beginning of the Middle Ages. Starting in the last years of the High Middle Ages, artists began to investigate this technique once more, as they could see it in ancient works of art. Giotto di Bondone, who lived from about 1267 to 1337, was one of the early investigators of perspective. The other types of perspective include reverse perspective, which can be seen in medieval icons and makes objects appear bigger as they are farther away, reversing the convergence of lines. Another type of perspective mererly makes more important things or people bigger, and this can also be seen in medieval art, where Jesus is larger than saints, who are larger than kings, and so on. Atmospheric perspective, which makes farther objects grayer, as though obscured by mist, was used in China, but I have not seen it in European art.
