Trajan's column was constructed by order of the senate to commemorate Trajan's Dacian victories. An architect named Apollodorus of Damascus is credited with actually building it.
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Trajan's column is a monument to (obviously) the emperor Trajan and his victory in the Dacian wars. It is famous not only for its unique construction, but for the precise details of Roman military actions. It stood in the area known as "Trajan's Forum" and was over 100 feet high. It had/has a spiral staircase running up its interior which led to an observation deck at the top. The inside was/is illuminated by 43 window slits. The ashed of Trajan and his wife were buried in its base. It originally had a statue of Trajan on top, but it has been replaced by one of St. Peter.
The doric columns in Greek architecture are typically baseless, fluted, and with a smooth transition to the abacus (wider, square supporting structure above the column). Roman doric columns included a wider base and often beveled top moldings.
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The bronze statue of St Peter was placed on Trajan's Column by Pope Sixtus V in 1587.
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