Who were allowed under the eastern Roman Empire rule to ordain new bishop?

Answer 1

The main church in the eastern part of the Roman Empire was called Greek or Eastern Church. The main church in the western part was the Latin of Western Church. These two churches were the forerunners of the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church respectively.

In the Orthodox Church new bishops are ordained by three bishops. This church has different and hierarchically ranked types of bishops. Three of them are ruling bishops and two of them are non-ruling bishops

There are the primatial bishops, or primates who are the presiding bishops of dioceses. The senior bishop of a large diocese can be granted the title of archbishop or metropolitan. In the Greek tradition the archbishop is higher ranking than the metropolitan, while in the Antiochian tradition it is the other way round. The highest ranking bishops are the Patriarchs, who originally were the bishops of Alexandria, Antioch, Rome, Constantinople and Jerusalem. Much later the term was granted to the heads of other most significant churches. Significance for some churches now may be more historical than actual.

The non-ruling bishops are the auxiliary bishops, who assist ruling bishops within their own dioceses or archdioceses, and the patriarchal vicar. In the Church of Antioch the latter is a bishop who is in charge of a newly-created diocese on behalf of, and under the supervision of, the Patriarch of Antioch. The equivalent title in some Orthodox jurisdictions is Exarch. These bishops are not members of the Holy Synod, and do not answer to the Holy Synod. When a diocese becomes self-supporting, it is usually granted a ruling bishop who becomes a member of the Holy Synod. Exarch became an ecclesiastical term in 451 with the Fourth Ecumenical Council. Originally an exarch was a governor of the provinces of the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

The governing body for a church the Holy Synod.

Answer 2

The main church in the eastern part of the Roman Empire was called Greek or Eastern Church. The main church in the western part was the Latin of Western Church. These two churches were the forerunners of the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church respectively.

In the Orthodox Church new bishops are ordained by three bishops. This church has different and hierarchically ranked types of bishops. Three of them are ruling bishops and two of them are non-ruling bishops

There are the primatial bishops, or primates who are the presiding bishops of dioceses. The senior bishop of a large diocese can be granted the title of archbishop or metropolitan. In the Greek tradition the archbishop is higher ranking than the metropolitan, while in the Antiochian tradition it is the other way round. The highest ranking bishops are the Patriarchs, who originally were the bishops of Alexandria, Antioch, Rome, Constantinople and Jerusalem. Much later the term was granted to the heads of other most significant churches. Significance for some churches now may be more historical than actual.

The non-ruling bishops are the auxiliary bishops, who assist ruling bishops within their own dioceses or archdioceses, and the patriarchal vicar. In the Church of Antioch the latter is a bishop who is in charge of a newly-created diocese on behalf of, and under the supervision of, the Patriarch of Antioch. The equivalent title in some Orthodox jurisdictions is Exarch. These bishops are not members of the Holy Synod, and do not answer to the Holy Synod. When a diocese becomes self-supporting, it is usually granted a ruling bishop who becomes a member of the Holy Synod. Exarch became an ecclesiastical term in 451 with the Fourth Ecumenical Council. Originally an exarch was a governor of the provinces of the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

The governing body for a church the Holy Synod.