Charlemagne wanted all the free people of his empire to be literate.
He brought scholars to his court from all over the world. These people taught the people of the court and their families. He set an example in his own family, insisting that both boys and girls be educated.
He opened schools, and of these, there are at least one or two still operating.
He financed libraries.
He supported literary arts and writers.
He promoted a new, easier to read script for writing, called the Carolingian miniscule.
Seeing that the Latin language had changed into a number of regional dialects, he promoted the use of a single dialect for all scholarly purposes. The practice of using a stable form of Latin for law, theology, and medicine still has effects to this day.
There is a link below to an article on Charlemagne. The link goes specifically to the section on educational reforms, but the following sections might also be of interest.
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Like most of the aristocrats of the time, Charlemagne was poorly educated. He felt that he missed out on education and that education was important. He therefore wanted the elites in his empire to have a good education. A good education was also important to have an efficient bureaucracy
Charlemagne appreciated the importance of education and regretted having missed out on education when he was a child. He realised that it was important for administration and good statesmanship.
Charlemagne fought in about 53 military conquests and gave the defeated a choice. Christianity or death. Many chose Christianity, but some who were very religious chose death. Charlemagne was a man of his word. He killed over 4,500 people.
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Religious tolerance
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The Roman were tolerant of the culture of the conquered peoples. The allowed them to follow their religions and customs and to use their laws at the local level. Many of these peoples benefited from becoming part of the great trading network of the empire. The emperors promoted an imperial ideology to promote integration and a sense of commonality in the empire. In some areas the Romans protected the frontiers of some peoples and ensured law and order. The presence of armies and the establishment of Roman settlements around the empire led to the Latinisation of many of these peoples. Over time people became used to being in the empire. In some cases the Romans had to pacify the conquered area. This means taking counterinsurgency action until resistance ended. The Romans were very ruthless in suppressing rebellions.