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How did Romans improve the phalanx?
Philip II of Macedon improved the phalanx by increasing the length of his soldiers' spears. The greater reach this "Macedonian phalanx" provided this soldiers allowed them to decrease the amount of armor they wore, which, in turn, allowed for greater mobility.
How did the Romans get rid of rain in the pantheon?
They didn't do anything about it, it dried.
Why did boudica fight against the Romans?
in AD 60, king Prasutagus died. Prasutagus was an allied king living under Roman law. Thinking he would save some of his kingdom for his wife and daughters, in his will, he gave the emperor Nero half of his kingdom and left the other half to his wife and daughters. However what Pratsutagus didn't understand was that women were not allowed to inherit more than 10% from a man under Roman law. When Boudicca went to claim her inheritance, she found that Rome had taken over the entire kingdom leaving her with the minimal. She raved at them, was whipped for it, and her daughters raped as punishment.
How will the fall of rome affect the papacy?
Do you mean how did the fall of Rome affect the papacy? There was conflict with Theodoric the Great who created a Ostrogoth kingdom in Italy and in today's former Yugoslavia. However, this was not due politics. Theodoric wanted to preserve the Roman empire and did not interfere with Rome or the Latins of Italy. It was about religion as Theodoric refused to convert to Catholicism and defended the Aryan creed of his people. There was also conflict with the Romans of the east, again, over religion. There was tension between Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity. Later there was conflict with the Lombards who invaded Italy. The pope got Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, to get rid of them. In return he gave him Italy and crowned him emperor. This was the beginning of the Carolingian Empire and of the concept of the temporal power of the pope. Charlemagne also gave the pope land in Italy which became the nucleus of what was to became the Papal States.
What factors contributed to the strength of the Roman Empire?
One factor that led to the strength of the Roman Empire was the procedure of divide and conquer. Caesar wrote, "All Gaul is divided into 3 parts." He could capture each part. He could not capture all 3 at once. By dividing the various parts and fighting one at a time, Rome could capture a number of places one at a time. Rome also appointed its governors. Appointed officials dependent on Rome would not join a local revolt. Roman roads served a military purpose. It would not take a long time for a Roman Army to come to any point to put down a rebellion. Roman law served the rich in close calls but still prevented great injustice. The Roman empire got rid of Pirates in the Mediterranean and other areas near by.
