Actually, the Latin equivalent of Middle Ages, which became "medieval" in English, was first used in the Late Middle Ages, which regarded itself as the modern age. The period of 500 to 1000 was seen as a middle period between ancient and more modern ages of reason, art, and enlightenment.
The reason the year 500 or a somewhat earlier date was chosen (410 AD, 476 AD, etc.) is that the West Roman Empire fell apart at the time, and was taken over by a number of Germanic kingdoms. This supposedly began an era of darkness and illiteracy, though that period was already underway and was more a cause than an effect.
Chat with our AI personalities
The medieval period was from A.D. 500 to 1450.
King Arthur died
Medieval Europe began about 500 A.D. and ended to become the Renaissance in about 1500 A.D. The Holy Roman Empire fell in 476 A.D. which was the start to the Medieval Age.
3
Medieval villages were settlements big enough to support a church. The population of such a place might typically have been around 200 to 500 people. A village would often have a baker, a miller (who might also have been the baker), a blacksmith, and other people engaged in crafts, but would not have a market, because having a permanent market required a charter, which would make the village into a town.