Until states enacted literacy test and poll taxes in the 1890s.
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Black people still faced widespread discrimination by whites. Eventually the Jim Crow laws were passed which segregated blacks from many parts of society and kept most of them from voting.
in the 1860's there was 1253 blacks in the south
No, most blacks did not leave the south after the civil war.
mant blacks left the south and moved to the north because their were more jobs in the northern cities
There were a great many free blacks living in the south prior to the Civil War. Most free blacks in American lived in the south. In the 1860 census there were 30 million people in the US. Nine million were in the south, including three million slaves, and another half million free blacks. John Hope Franklin, the eminent black historian, has made the free black population of the south a subject of his excellent writing.