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Missiles being sent to Cuba from the Soviet Union. A naval blockade turned the ships back after a VERY tense standoff. The world came very close to a war.
The closest we came to a nuclear confrontation with Russia that I know of, was under John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Blockade in 1962.
1. Korea may have gone "hot", but President Truman cooled the heads of some of his commanders (MacArthur as one example). 2. With Korea as a fresh reminder; North Vietnam wasn't invaded and nukes were not supposed to be discussed; but contingency plans did exist (which is nearly SOP anyway, since during the cold war, it was US doctrine to "strike first" (with nukes); termed "first strike capability." 3. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was the only time the cold war really was going to go hot. The only reason it didn't was because the Soviets backed down. Cuba is (was) to the US what Korea is (was) to Japan...a dagger pointed at their chests (historically stated words from the respective leadership at the time). Being geographically too close is what makes (made) them dangerous. A. Korea was responsible for the 1904-1905 war between Russia and Japan. B. Cuba was responsible for the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
Between 1953 and 1962 was the era in which the United States and Russia were fighting the Cold War. The dominant problem in the U.S. during this time was military power required to fight this war.
Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crises/U-2 Spyplane
The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962.