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Because of the numerous alliances which brought German support to Austria and Russian support to Serbia, Bosnia and Herzogovinia. The French and the UK were sucked in to provide support to Russia. Sooner or later the Yanks were brought into the conflict, but only after the war was almost over.
Complex European alliances (APEX)
It sought to unify all slavic ancestry in many nations (gradpoint)
Nationalism led to the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand; Ferdinand had selected a Serbian national holiday to parade through Sarajevo, stoking nationalist distaste. 2)Germany was the revisionist power in opposition to the traditionally pre-eminent France and Britain. The desire of Germany to prove itself could be labelled a nationalist element.
Tensions between nations had been building for a century. Those tensions simply exploded into war after the late June assassination of the Archduke.
The primary reason was that he was dead. His assassination is considered a blow to the South that delayed the reunification. Many atrocities were committed in the south by the winning north.