society viewed men as cowards and shamed them if they didnt go to war. Usually, they will be forced or drafted into the war and didnt really have a choice.
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Men who refused to fight in the war were typically referred to as "conscientious objectors." This designation applied to individuals who, due to their personal beliefs, moral convictions, or religious beliefs, declined military service. Conscientious objectors often sought alternative forms of service, such as non-combat roles or community service, to fulfill their obligations.
The NRMA men who refused to "go active" were derisively called "zombies" both in Canada and overseas source: wikipedia
Albert Einstein refused to develop weapons of mass destruction to be used in wars. He was a pacifist and considered the murder of men as abhorrent.
With the men away fighting, the women took over many of the jobs traditionally done by men.
At the end of the Vietnam War, Congress refused to support South Vietnam any longer.