The new technology gradually changed military strategy. Because the rifle and the minié could kill far more people than older weapons, soldiers fighting from inside trenches or behind barricades had a great advantage in mass infantry attacks.
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Artillery and machine guns cause the armies to stay in defense position
I think that was the trench warfare stuff, not sure though.
Artillery and machine guns caused armies to stay in defensive positions.
Artillery and machine guns caused armies to stay in defensive positions. Apex.
Grant's ending of the system of prisoner-exchange. It meant the Confederates were doomed to run out of men.