How did the White South's intransigence in president Johnson's political bungling open the way for the congressional republican program of military reconstruction?

Answer 1

After the war the Southern States enacted black codes as a way to restore the pre-emancipation system of the South. President Johnson also granted pardons to former Confederate soldiers, who then began to gain political power once returning home. Reconstruction was enacted to prevent the Southern States from gaining more political power and to ensure that slavery did not reoccur. Congress also passed more stringent requirements for states seeking readmission.

Answer 2

Following Lincoln's assassination, Pres Andrew Johnson was faced with Southern states that enacted anti-Black laws regarding voting and land-ownership, while many Confederate soldiers pardoned continued to treat Blacks like slaves. There was no military reconstruction program other than a massive downsizing by both the North and South that added to unemployment and economic stress.