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Steady attrition of the Confederate armies, which had no reinforcements, and an official policy of burning crops and slaughtering livestock.

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In Virginia, General Grant at last had achieved his goal ~ he gained control of Richmond. In April 1865, he seized the railroads supplying Richmond. The Confederate troops had to evacuate Petersburg and Richmond. Lee retreated westward with nearly 50,000 men. He hoped to join forces with General Joseph Johnston in North Carolina. But Grant overtook him, and barred his way with an army of almost 113,000 troops. Lee realized that continued fighting would mean useless loss of lives. He wrote Grant and asked for an interview to arrange surrender terms.

On April 9, 1865, the two generals met at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. Grant offered generous terms, and Lee accepted them with deep appreciation. Confederate soldiers received a day's rations and were released on parole. They were allowed to keep their horses and mules to take home "to put in a crop." Officials could keep their side arms. Lee never offered his sword to Grant in surrender, and Grant never asked for it. Although both men fought on opposite sides of the war, Grant had great respect and admiration for Robert E. Lee.

Five days later, on April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.

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15y ago

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