It depends on the type of gun used, but ranges were always within visual sighting of the target. Some distances could be very close, as weather conditions or terrain might prevent a tank from seeing its target earlier. Other factors were involved, as they are today. When fighing enemy tanks in World War 2, armor penetration decreased with distance. For example, one tank might easily be able to score a hit on an enemy tank at 1200 yards, but the armor of the enemy tank would resist it until the distance was closed to 800 yards. Following World War 1 experience, the machine guns of World War 2 tanks were good for 1000 yards or better, but it would be seldom for a tank to aquire a soft or personnel target until much closer.
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A lot. The most obvious is the tank, which as well as attacking enemies, shielded foot soldiers from machine gun fire which was killing a lot of Allied soldiers.
It was hidden in safe places far from Paris.
1939 - 1944 in Europe; to 1945 in the Far East.
The Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.). By far. And the most civilian deaths by far.
London was a safer place in World War I due to its distance from the Western Front. In contrast, Paris was not very far frm the chaos of the war.