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John Brown and his men were probably not responsible for more than ten or eleven deaths.

The deaths were the result of two different attacks. The first incident, known as the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre, occurred during the border wars in "bleeding" Kansas in May 1856. Brown's men attacked five pro-slavery settlers, hacking them to death with broadswords. Most historians believe Brown participated in the massacre. Brown himself denied direct involvement even though he condoned (and probably planned) the attack.

The second incident was the Raid on Harper's Ferry, Va. (now W. Va.) in October 1859. After their raid on the town, Brown's men, garrisoned inside the armory which they had successfully captured, killed four or five men (and wounded about ten more) in their gun battle with militia and troops outside.

One other death occurred a day earlier: a man was shot and fatally wounded when Brown and his men stopped and fired on a B&O train arriving into Harper's Ferry. The man, Hayward Sheppard, was a baggage master, shot while alerting passengers of the danger. Ironically, Sheppard, the first casualty of the raid, was a free black man.

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14y ago

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