Mercenaries fight for the highest bidder and hold no allegiance to anyone; they are private businessmen. An all volunteer army is sworn under oath to defend it's nation, and is a "profession", just like the medical field, engineering field, legal field, manufacturing field, sales, etc. The Soldiers and Sailors (and Airmen & Marines) are employed in the "profession of arms"; the field of military science.
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militia is a group of all able-bodied males considered by law eligible for military service.
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The war in Iraq is very similar to the Vietnam War, and the US is very good at fighting wars and terrible at establishish peace.
These would all be under the U.S Army.
All branches of the US Army except the Marines. This included the Army, Navy and the Army Air Corps(which was part of the army before the Air Force was a separate branch).