Certainly the Japanese Naval leaders believed they could cripple the US Naval fleet but they messed up when they failed to bomb the aircraft carriers in Pearl Harbor. They also did not realize the Americans had other ships elsewhere and could also rebuild or build new ships. The Japanese thought Americans were wusses and dopes. They did not understand their enemy.
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The raid had shown to the Japanese the vulnerability of Japan to aerial attack .
Japanese Emperor Hirohito.
the alliances of European countries creating a balance of powe
The Confederacy believed the Union was a tyrannical body that sought to eliminate their slave based economy, and the southern way of life. They believed it was they who were patriots involve in a revolution to preserve their liberty.
the strategic plan for the battle of midway was just to hold the fort and continue fighting. however, long before the Japanese got there, US inteligence picked up a transmission from the Japanese. it clearly stated what the strike would be. US leaders sent out 3 heavy aircraft carriers to duke it out with the Japs 3 reg. aircraft carriers.