The cold war was a war of ideologies. Not a war as people think of a war...killing, shooting, bombing, destruction, ships sinking, cities burning, etc. It was called a COLD war because the name fit. Before the cold war, everyone knew what a WAR was. But no one knew what to call a potential war that never happened; so we called it a COLD WAR.
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One system of government stated that people must obtain the permission from the government to do anything...for their own safety of course. Socialism. Our system of government stated that people have the right to privacy and do what they wish to do, within the limits of the law(s) of course; WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE GOVERNMENT. Individualism.
In a crude summary:
After the World War II, there were essentially two dominant political forces in the world: Capitalism (USA) and Communism (USSR). As time passed, both countries became increasinly more suspicious of the other because of heavy investment in weapons development, the nuclear race, etc... In essence, each ideology was afraid that the other would take over the world.
Korean War and Vietnam War.
It was a war or propaganda and secrets. It was not a direct confrontation. The closest it got to war was the Cuban Missile Crisis.
It was about economic and military power, as both USA and USSR were capitalist (private vs state capitalism).
The two opposing ideologies that waged the Cold War and created two major political boundaries were Communism and Democracy.
Mistrust. Difference in political ideologies.