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Answer.The totenkopf, or death's head, was the collar insignia worn by the pre-war SS-Totenkopf standarten (Death's Head regiments) which were tasked with guarding the concentration camps. Following the outbreak of war, these regiments were withdrawn from their concentration camp duties, and combined to form the Totenkopf Division of the Waffen-SS -or 'armed SS'.

Originally the totenkopf insignia was worn only on the right collar patch of the uniform, with (for ranks below SS-Standartenfuhrer, or colonel) the wearer's rank worn on the left collar patch. However, for a period, from about October 1939, it seems that there was an order that Waffen-SSdivisions should wear their divisional insignia on bothcollar patches, and rely on their newly-introduced Army-style shoulder straps to indicate rank. As a result, members of the Totenkopf division wore the totenkopf insignia on both their collar patches. However, around May 1940, Himmler abolished this order, and the insignia returned to the original arrangement -i.e. SS divisional insignia on the right collar patch, and rank insignia on the left collar patch. Incidentally, this ruling also applied to other SS divisions' collar-patch insignia, including the SS runes (which, in some cases, included a mirror image -i.e. the SS runes backwards!) and the odal rune worn by the Waffen-SS Prinz Eugen mountain division.

The double totenkopf insignia worn by members of the Waffen-SS Totenkopf division should not be confused with the double totenkopf insignia worn on the collar patches of the black uniforms of the Heer (German Army) panzer crews. The Heer totenkopf insignia was of a different design, and worn on different-shaped collar patches.

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Q: What SS units wore double totenkopf collar insignia?
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