Cannon with a rifled bore. Rifling is the spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel to cause the projectile to spin. This improved stability in flight and help accuracy
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Smooth-bore refers to a firearm or cannon which does not have a rifled barrel (a rifled barrel is one with ridges that corkscrew down the barrel to impart a spin to the bullet)
In portable cannon, possibly the Parrot rifled cannon. In cannon mounted in fixed positions, such as forts, possibly the Dahlgren cannons. There was also a very large bore mortar known as the Dictator that fired a 13 inch shell.
The rifled musket with the minie ball and percussion cap, the rifled cannon; breech loading, cartridge firing rifles and carbines like the Sharps, Spencer, and Henry; armored, steam powered gunboats; all made the battlefield more deadly.
Observation balloons, submarine, rifled cannon and muskets, telegraph, railroads, and a VERY important item- canned food.
First rifled cannon. First submarine. First widely-photographed war. First time that whole armies were moved to the battlefield by train. First time that orders were given by telegraph.