The base cause of the Civil War was the disparate cultural differences between the North and the South. The South was primarily agrarian and the North was primarily industrial.
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The American Civil War was caused not by slavery but by economic factors.
Improvements in irrigation
The period after the Civil War was the Reconstruction Era. It lasted from 1865 to 1877. In this period, mainly the South rebuilt the destruction caused by the War.
It is NOT the "civil war". Slavery was a very minor issue at the start of the war.
The abolition of slavery and the resultant social upheaval it caused is the greatest consequence of the Civil War.