the north had a 20 million population, well developed rail system, a strong heavy industry.
to contrast this we can look at the south. they had a 8 million population with ~half of that being black slaves ~1/4 of the railroad compared to the north and a fledging heavy industry
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A whole lot of unsaleable cotton!
Other than that, only what the blockade-runners could slip past the Union naval blockade.
They had almost no manufacturing industry, so they had to improvise.
The Gettysburg campaign was partly aimed at plundering food from the prosperous state of Pennsylvania, as well as raiding a boot and shoe factory near Gettysburg.
The North has many Natural Resources during the Civil War including coal, timber, iron ore, and petroleum. Their ability to better harness these resources helped contribute to their victory.
They had factories to supply guns and ammo, while the south just had plantations and barely any factories
Because of the Civil War in the North, income tax was invented.
North
Blockade
The north
During the Civil War the North had better manufacturing abilities. The superior industries was one reason the North finally won the war.