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Over a series of wars, most of which it won, Sparta lost most of their military manpower, and could no longer compete with the rising power of Thebes.
Yes, it was the first military conflict of the Cold War.
The Meiji Era wanted the Samurai class to disband because it was a time of peace. And it wanted to modernize its forces to compete or fight to equalize its force to the West countries.
Bombs were not used in the cold war. A cold war is one in which nations compete in military development and strength, and threaten each other politically and diplomatically, but there is no actual attack and no combat.
Farmers faced tough times. Gains in productivity led to agricultural consolidation, as farming became a big business. Family farms, in turn, found it difficult to compete, and more and more farmers left the land.