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For the US, the Vietnam War was an effort to prevent the expansion of communist influence in Southeast Asia, pitting South Vietnam (supported by the US) against the armies and guerrilla forces of North Vietnam (supported mainly by the Soviet Union).
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The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict or the American War, was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from September 26, 1959, to April 30, 1975. Between 1945 and 1954, the Vietnamese waged an anti-colonial war against France and received $2.6 billion in financial support from the United States. The French defeat at the battle of Dien Bien Phu was followed by a peace conference in Geneva, in which Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence. Vietnam was temporarily divided between an anti-Communist South and a Communist North. In 1956, South Vietnam, with American backing, refused to hold the unification elections. By 1958, Communist-led guerrillas known as the Viet Cong had begun to battle the South Vietnamese government.
To support the South's government, the United States sent in 2,000 military advisors, a number that grew to 16,300 in 1963. The military condition deteriorated, and by 1963 South Vietnam had lost the fertile Mekong Delta to the Vietcong.
Following a 1964 provocation known as the Tonkin Gulf Incident, the Johnson administration began direct US combat operations in 1965. The US Army drafted many thousands of US men into the service, and US forces countered most of the attacks by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese over the next 3 years. However, the protracted defensive war and increasing US casualties soon made the war unpopular, and peace talks were begun. Troop withdrawals began under Richard Nixon, and US bombing campaigns led to the Paris Peace Accords in January, 1973. In the absence of massive US support, the North's forces moved south throughout 1974, taking Saigon at the end of April, 1975.

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12y ago

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