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There are many kinds. Concrete and steel were once used, and perhaps a layer of lead to give added protection from nuclear bomb radiation. Newer shelters incorporate synthetic materials not available in the 40's and 50's. Prefabricated bomb/tornado shelters are for sale, and plans are available to build your own if you want. Some are sophisticated with electricity and water, but a ventilation system is absolutely necessary for all of them so the survivors can breathe.

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