so what were the major battles of the cold war and why
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No battles . I think you are missing the point of the Cold War because there were no battles it was called "Cold". There were a few standoffs and threats, but for the most part it was the western powers looking at the communist dictatorship through the lens of containment.
The cold war was about how two countries fought each other.
Though they were never formally termed "wars" (which requires a declaration by Congress) the Korean War and Vietnam War were the 2 major conflicts during the Cold War in which Western nations fought in regional battles against Communist forces, to prevent expansion.
Cold Harbor
The United States and USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republic), not Russia. Russia was the major country in the USSR and they controlled the other members.