The first bolt-action rifle was invented by German inventor Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse in 1824 CE.
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The Lee Enfield .303 bolt-action rifle
Yes. Especially towards the start of the war, bolt action and semi automatic rifles were the most common infantry weapon used.
The Lee Enfield .303 bolt action rifle and the Lewis machine gun
No. The first "assualt rifle" was created late in the war by the Germans. The British used bolt action rifles, carbines, submachine guns an light machine guns.
The US purchased some 900 of the Greene rifles, so they did see some use. However, they were considered much too complicated for general issue to a largely conscript army. 1000 of the bolt action Palmer rifles were issued by the Union Army for Cavalry forces during the Civil War. However, it was most likely high cost which prevented them from seeing particularly widespread service.