The actual killings were carried out mainly by the SS and the mobile killing units, assisted by local volunteers from some of the Nazi-occupied areas of what was then the Soviet Union.
Romania and Croatia carried out their own national holocausts.
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I believe it was Adolf Hitler who ordered. Heinrich Himmler was the architect of the plan and Hitler coined the phrase "the final solution to the Jewish question." It was believed that Hitler ordered it in mid-1941.
The Final Solution was administered by the SD and SS, with Reinhard Heydrich
and Adolf Eichmann playing key roles in the planning, organization and co-ordination of it.
the ghettos came before the final solution
The Final Solution (of the Jewish question).
The "Final Solution"
The Final Solution was not implemented in 1941. By the time of the Final Solution most of the ghettos had been cleared and the inhabitants murdered.
It refers to the Holocaust. 'The Final Solution to the Jewish question', it was the plan to murder the Jews of Europe.