Professor Thaddeus Lower sent messages about locations in a hot air balloon. Balloons were used by the Union army from 1861 to 1863 in the Civil war.
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Messages were sent via courier or radio. You may be thinking of the messages sent over the BBC broadcasts to the continent in the form of public announcements. In the movie "The Longest Day" this practice is illustrated. 'The long sobs of the autumn violins' sticks in my mind, though what it referred to is not known to me. Many French, Belgian & Dutch people risked their lives to aid Allied airmen trying to get back to UK from 1942 onward.
A thin line of soldiers sent out 50-300 yards in front of the main body of troops. They serve as advance warning of enemy forces.
Amelia Earhart
They were not really codes. It was a communications system for torpedo guidance that was resistant to enemy jamming. Bits of signals were sent over different frequencies.
it actually was a hot air balloon used it 1847 of august 22nd by austria, they sent hot air balloons filled with timed explosives towards Venice it only killed 6 people total