The Civil War battle of Vicksburg was precipitaed by Union ironclads attempting to blockade Confederate shipping on the Mississippi River. Vicksburg is situated on a bluff overlooking the river, and provided an excellent location for Confederate gun emplacements capable of destoying Union ships. For this reason, General Grant chose Vicksburg as his starting point for his campaign in Mississippi. He chose to take Vicksburg from the east, overland, as most of it's defenses were focused toward the river.
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In 1863, Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. The Union army laid siege on Vicksburg to open up the Mississippi to Union navigation and thereby sever the eastern and western parts of the Confederacy.
It was a battle during the Civil War. Why did it happen? It was an Engagement between two different types of people.
The Confederacy was successfully split in half by the union. The battle that gained complete control of the Mississippi River. :D
Vicksburg commanded the approaches to a hairpin bend on the Mississippi River which controled the river traffic on the lower Mississippi.
Gettysburg and Vicksburg was important because it showed that the Confederates could not invade the North.
Because the town in Mississippi was fortified heavily by the Confederates.
the bad things happened at the Vicksburg Campaign was that the confederates surrendered and they had to give the union there land and there soldiers.
Port Hudson
The largest surrender was Lee surrendering the Army of Northern Virginia to U.S. Grant at Appomattox Court House (April 9th 1865). It was not the last surrender. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered his army to Sherman later the same month, and the final surrender was at Palmito Ranch, Texas in May. PS. Checking the troop-numbers, I find that Lee surrendered only 28,000 men. In July 1863, Grant had captured 30,000 men after the siege of Vicksburg. So it could be that Vicksburg represented the biggest surrender.