They were used to warn people of impending attacks of bombers. Today they are used for tonados and other disaters.
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The air raid sirens sounded when approaching bombers were picked up on radar or were seen crossing the coast and heading for large cities. The sirens warned people to head for air raid shelters or to take cover in their own homes. When the danger was over, the sirens sounded again with a different tone to signify 'all clear'.
The sirens used during World War 2 were generally referred to as air raid sirens. They were used to warn civilians of impending air raids and to signal the need to seek shelter in bunkers or underground spaces. The sirens served as a crucial method of alerting the population to the danger of aerial bombings.
The A.R.P. are the air raid percausion
around 1799 the first siren was invented by the Scottish natural philosopher (physicist) John Robinson. Originally Robison's sirens were used as musical instruments. They powered some of the pipes in church organs.
In Britain, like everyone else, they went down to the air-raid shelters (usually the Underground railway stations), if they lived in the city. In the suburbs, they went into so-called Anderson shelters dug into backyards.