Passed by the federal government to regulate big business (this is for castle learning i bet)
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Reign in Big Business and set rates and standards for all transportation/freight charges and close monopolies in business that cut out the small Entrepeneurs. Competition is a good thing for both business and consumers. John Rockefeller was the original Trust Baron with Superior Oil, owning 90% of America's oil refineries. The railroad barons were giving favored rates to other big business and rail owners and higher rates for the small business men and farmers. These two acts changed how American business worked and helped spur increasing Entrepeneurs and manufacturers.
The Articles of Confederation left no information or authority for Congress to either regulate interstate commerce or foreign trade. It also lacked the ability to tax and raise funds or tariffs, this made the country appear weak to potential lending countries. There was also a mountain of both personal as well as war debts incurred by the government. There were also no provisions for a national bank.
Well that's really a matter of opinion. For the North Sherman and Grant were both good generals- but Lee is probably commonly considered to be the best general of the war.
Both sides thought it would a short, glorious and largely bloodless affair of splendid uniforms and bands, ending in early victory. See Sherman's letters to Southern friends, warning them of what was really to come.
Ogden's attorneys argued:The Court should interpret "commerce" narrowly.New York, as a sovereign state, was entitled to regulate commerce within its borders.New York had the right to grant Ogden an exclusive legal franchise in Hudson Bay and New York Harbor, which were both under the purview of the state.Anyone who wanted to operate a steamboat in New York water had to pay for the privilege.New York laws did not interfere with the federal government's right to regulate commerce.New York and the federal government had concurrent power over commerce.Case Citation:Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 US 1 (1824)