Neither, they were "imported". Colonization would imply that they were natives to the US prior to European arrival and Immigration would imply that they freely chose to come the US. African-Americans are the descendants of African slaves who were captured and transported against their will from Africa to the Americas where they were bought by local wealthy individuals.
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I think one of the cities were named Harlem.
They wanted to reconnect with family members.
They wanted to reconnect with family members APEX
Jim Crow was still very alive in the south and the North was about change and more equal opportunities.
Conditions for African Americans in the south.