Why the US involvement in the Vietnam War lengthened can be sparated into four categories: Political, Financial, Advisory and Military.
Political - Communism vs Capitalism, Cold War, Domino Theory, Truman Doctrine, Changing President, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Influence of public - Korean War, Ho Chi Minh helping.
Financial - Financial air to the French - first stage of involvement.
Advisory - Sending in advisors - Vietcong (figures), Strategic Hamlets
Military - Korean war (slow involvement), gulf of Tonkin (g) and Pleiku, Operation Rolling Thunder.
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By 1967, most American students did not favor U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. There were many demonstrations taking place against the war. Soldiers coming home from the war were not greeted warmly.
Try: Statistics About the Vietnam War; recommended by the History Channel. Also look into, "The American War Library."
In January 1973, an agreement reached and U.S. forces were withdrawn from Vietnam and U.S. prisoners of war were released.
The president of the USA for a major time of the Vietnam War was Lyndon Johnson.
I don't think there would be communism in North+South Vietnam anymore...that was the cause of the war.