The word "Tribes" becomes ambiguous, as for example the Cherokee (Tsalagi) had 23 sub-tribes, and each of these were broken into clans. Basically you could sub-divide to the point where 'millions' would be as good of an answer as any.
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There are 565 FR Tribes in the US with 229 FR Tribes in the State of Alaska.
a long time ago
Five-Civilized Tribes
They may have been very thinly spread compared to the population of the planet today, but they were all over the US and Canada. From Quebec and New England tribes, south to the Seminoles in Florida, and westward to the tribes of Washington and California. There were also many tribes such as the Arawak in the West Indies and northern South America, and the Aztecs and other surviving tribes of Mexico and Central America.
the population of the world was around 3,957,345,210