They had to settle a boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania
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Charles Mason, Sir George and Jeremiah Dixon traveld through a line which they now call the mason-dixon lien
Besides becoming the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon's line became what separated the states that allowed slavery (Confederate; south) and the states that didn't (Union; north)
The Mason-Dixon line, named for Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, the surveyors who mapped it out, was originally the border between the colonies of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia (in present-day West Virginia). The line later was extended westwards, marking the border between slave states and free states.
to finally resolve an 80 year old land dispute in the 1760s between the family who owned Maryland & the family who owned Pennsylvania & perhaps also Delaware at that time & which had arisen owing to an inadvertent territorial overlap in the original 17th century proprietary charters granted to their respective ancestors by the king of England not until 1820 & only then by coincidence did the same line come to have any significance with regard to the northern boundary of slavery & it was extended westward in that new context til 1861 when it reached the southwest corner of kansas by most accounts or perhaps it actually continued as far as the pacific coast at the Mexican border insofar as California was a free state but the mason dixon line of the 19th century is really an entirely different matter than the mason dixon line of the 18th century
it was established - to settle a border dispute between the four states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia .