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The civil service system is an employment system.
The civil service system is a system of hiring and promoting employees based upon the merit system. The merit system is the opposite of the spoils system.
The central feature of the civil service system is merit-based, non-political employment and promotion
Under the civil service system, federal workers are hired based on their testable skills for the job, and cannot be fired for belong to the wrong party.
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act established the merit based system of appointments which led to the decline of the spoils/patronage system. Instead of political affiliation government employees were selected by competitive exams and could not be fired based on political affiliation.