Mercator
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A Mercator projection map is the most familiar and common to usage in primary education systems. Mercator projections model the continents and oceans into a flattened and rolled cylindrical format. In comparison a Gnomonic projection is also two dimensional and flat but it uses lines which are actual representation of point-to-point s indicating true distance. Another significant difference is scale as Mercator's can represent the entire earth whereas Gnomonics represent a geographical limited area. Lastly Mercator's have the difference of distortion and under representing the actual sizes of Greenland and Continental Africa.
Ptolemy created the map of the world that led Columbus to believe Asia could be reached by sailing west from the coast of Africa. It became the best existing map of the world.
topographic map
There are many places where you can find a map of the north eastern United States. You can look in the library.
What does it mean? labeled number 4 on the map? We don't get it. Sorry.