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Are the Shoshone and Salish languages part of the same family of languages?
No, they are not related. Salish is part of the Salishan language family, while Shoshone is part of the Uto-Aztecan family that includes Paiute, Bannock, Hopi, Comanche, Nahuatl (Aztec), Yaqui and O'odham.
What did paiute Indians use to hunt?
The Paiute Indians were both hunters and gatherers. The did a lot of season food gathering within their territory, searching for specific foods by which season they were in. Some seeds and berries were found in the summer while bulbs and roots were easy to find in the spring. In the fall there was the pinion crop that was more bountiful. Plant foods were a large part of their diet because it was hard to find animals to hunt. Nuts and seeds comprised a large part of their diet. Once gathered, the women would grind them into flour which could then be used for porridge and cakes. One of the benefits of the flour was that it could be stored for several months so it could be built up for times of need.
What were the shoshone villages like?
The Shoshone (or Shoshoni) bands used both tipis and brushwood shelters; among the Crows the Shoshones were called "The Grass Lodges" because they sometimes covered their homes with dry grass thatch instead of buffalo hides. Chief Washakie's village of tipis in the Wind River mountains was photographed in 1870 as part of the Hayden survey of the area (see link below for this photograph). In the foreground is a painted tipi that may be Washakie's own lodge, perhaps painted red with white band around the top and near the bottom; the second tipi is unpainted but is blackened at the top from smoke from the internal fire. Shoshone tipis are generally less tall and have a less tidy and uniform look than many of the Plains tribes.
What Native American woman served as a guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Sacagawea. In 1803 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given a mandate by President Thomas Jefferson to find a route west to the Pacific Ocean. In preparation for their expedition, Lewis and Clark moved into Fort Mandan. They soon hired Charbonneau as an interpreter for their expedition and as a bonus, Charbonneau's Shoshone/Hidatsa wife, Sacagawea, would accompany the expedition west. On February 11, 1805, shortly before the expedition was to set out, Sacagawea gave birth to her first child, a son. He was named Jean Baptiste Charbonneau and though not quite two months old at the onset of the expedition, the baby accompanied the group the entire way to the Pacific and back. While Sacagawea became known as the Corps of Discovery's guide in many history books, in actuality she was part interpreter, part peacekeeper, and part horse trader. Since Sacagawea knew both the Shoshone and Hidatsa languages, she translated the Shoshone into Hidatsa by speaking to her husband. He in turn translated the Hidatsa into French for the rest of the expedition.
Where do you go to learn how to speak Shoshone?
Idaho State University Language Project has been teaching newe daigwape (the Shoshoni language) for 22 years. A textbook has been produced (An Introduction to the Shoshoni Language). An on-line dictionary has also been produced as part of the project, but this needs to be used in conjunction with the book.For more information on the Shoshoni Language Project contact the ISU Department of Anthropology at (208) 282-2629.
