The First and Second Continental Congresses both addressed issues that were a result of American and British communications.
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The First Continental Congress originally called for peace. When peace was not possible a declaration of war was issued and a declaration of independence.
The first Continental Congress agreed to... Encourage colonists to keep boycotting British goods, told colonial militias to prepare for war and they drafted the Declaration of Rights. The second Continental Congress agreed to... Sent word to colonial officials asking for a new state constitutions, authorized the Massachusetts militia to become the Continental Army, and put George Washington as Commander of the army.
During the American Founding Period, the First and Second Continental Congresses had a number of commonalities. One of the most important was the delegates that comprised each, with significant personalities attending both. Another important commonality was the primary responsibility involved: both were charged with guiding the Thirteen Colonies as an integral (if also fragmented) whole through conflict with Great Britain.
The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in the spring of 1775. Hostilities between England and the colonies had already broken out--Bunker Hill, Ticonderoga, and Arnold's failed attempt to invade Canada. The Congress acted as the government for the colonies when it became obvious that war would result between England and the colonies. They appointed Washington as commander of the Continental Army and approved the writing of the Declaration of Independence.