The Republican Party
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Abraham Lincoln was a member of the Republican Party. He was the first Republican to be elected President of the United States in 1860. The Republican Party was founded in the 1850s as an anti-slavery party, and Lincoln's election led to the Civil War and ultimately the abolition of slavery in the United States.
Yes, He came to Kalamazoo, Michigan in 1856. The only time he ever visited the state.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Yes. When Fremont ran for president in 1856, he was well-known for his anti-slavery opinion.
No. His only real major political office before president was one term in Congress (as a member of the Whig party) under President James K. Polk. Lincoln did attempt to run as Vice President nominee of the Republican party in 1856, but he was ultimately unsuccessful.