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The first Europeans to reach West Africa were the Portuguese in the 15th century. Prince Henry the Navigator wanted to cut out the middleman and sent explorers to West Africa to look for gold.
mercantilism
food gold and diamonds
There are native American gold miners in Africa
At the height of the slave trade, Africa did not have nationalistic countries as we think of them, today. There were large areas of the continent that were controlled by particular tribes. Originally, most of the slaves came from West Africa, but as the practice spread, West African Tribes began enslaving East Africans and transporting them to the Gold Coast. Eventually, even the slave ships ventured to the eastern coast of Africa, and traded in slave to India and the Middle East as well.