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Who were the parties involved in the the civil war?
The term "parties" I must believe is meant to be "Who were the participants in the Civil Ar?" The US Civil War was fought between the Confederate States of America and the United States. In terms of political parties, in the North the two major parties were the Democrat & Republican parties.
What issues divided the Republican Party in the 1860's?
The northern Democrats supported Stephen A. Douglas for President in 1860, but the southern Democrats withheld support for Douglas. The South demanded that Douglas repudiate the Freeport Doctrine and support a federal slave law. The Douglas supporters pointed out that to do that would drive the northern Democrats into the Republican Party.
The South firmly supported the Democratic Party following the Civil War?
The majority of white southerners did. Blacks anywhere between 1860 and 1930's strongly supported the Republican Party.
What role did scalawags and carpetbaggers play in reconstruction?
During reconstruction a shortage of competent local people existed to run the government. Southerners who had sided with the North in the Civil War knew local issues and knew the local troublemakers. These local people also wanted to put through the program of equality of black and white people demanded by the United States Government. Without them around, the former Confederate solders would be able to use intimidation to keep the newly freed black people in slavery. While de jure slavery was impossible, de facto slavery remained a possibility so long as no one recognized its existence. The scalawags recognized its existence. Of course the Scalawags had their own agenda. The blacks would vote Republican and keep the Scalawags in office. To keep the blacks voting, the Scalawags had to keep the former Confederate solders from intimidating them.(We have seen a similar phenomena in the South in voting patterns. The Blacks and the Republicans in the South cooperated to do away with run off primaries. As a result instead of the middle of the road candidate winning the Democrat primary, the most liberal wins. This has meant the liberals and Blacks have taken over the Democrat Party. The Right Wing has taken over the Republican Party. The same people as provided the South with the Scalawags have taken over the Republican Party. They did it by cooperating with the Blacks.
What were politics like in the gilded age?
The dominant political party in presidential elections was the Republican party.
