Everson v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court Decision that incorporated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the states, via the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. Everson was also important because the Court gave guidelines for state aid to religious institutions:
1) the aid must have a secular purpose (in this case, it was to provide safe transportation to students).
2) the aid must be indirect (in Everson, it was paid to parents and not to religious
schools)
3) the beneficiaries of the aid must not be religious institutions (in Everson, the
beneficiaries of the aid were children).
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The Brown vs Board of Education was a decision about school. The courts declared government could not provide "equal but separate" educations. Schools had to desegregate.
Two important cases were decided by the US Supreme Court in 1954: Brown v. Board of Education and the lesser known Bolling v. Sharpe in the District of Columbia. In both cases, segregation by race was found unconstitutional.
Segregation in US schools ended in 1954, with the ruling of Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education. Even with the court ruling, though, many schools remained voluntarily segregated for many years afterwards.
After the ruling on the case Brown vs The Board of Education segregation in schools was illegal. Some states such as Virginia, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama tried many different tactics to keep integration from happening.
Brown vs Board